Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Inventory Control System Essay

This study is established towards gathering and developing strategies that could solve the inappropriate inventory system of 7-eleven Sto. Rosario, Angeles City Outlet. The researchers established Trend analysis (regress over time) and Basic Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) to solve problem of inappropriate inventory management. The findings of this study revealed the problem on the current inventory management system that is evident in the product overstocking and under stocking problem of 7-eleven. Forecasting demand may improve the ordering quantity every time they place an order and EOQ may result in the significant savings for the company. The Story of Convenience Shopping 7-eleven pioneered the convenience store concept way back in `1927 at the Southland Ice Company in Dallas, Texas. In addition to selling blocks of ice to refrigerated food, an enterprising ice dock employee began offering milk, bread and eggs on Sundays and evenings when grocery stores were closed. This new business idea produced ideas that satisfied customers and increased sales, and convenience retailing was born. The company’s first convenience outlets were known as Tote’m stores since customers â€Å"Toted† away their purchases and some even sported genuine Alaskan totem poles in front. In 1946, Tote’m became 7-Eleven to reflect the stores’ new, extended hours 7 a.m until 11 p.m., seven days a week. The companu’s corporate name was changed from the Southland Corporation to 7-Eleven, inc, in 1999. Each Store focuses on meeting the needs of busy shoppers by providing a broad selection of fresh, high quality products and services at everyday fair prices, along with speedy transactions and a clean,safe and friendly shopping environment. In year 2004, 7-Eleven located at Sto. Rosario Street Angeles City was established under the management of Edgar Nucum who was the first manager under corporate group of the Philippine Seven Corporation. However, on May 2, 2005, the said business was turnover To Mevin Teopaco because of the conversion of the establishments from corporate to franchisee  Mr. Teopaco who took the business through formal application and training on how to run the business. He is responsible for ordering, buying and maintaining inventory, hiring and training employees, as well on payroll, cash variation, supplies, certain repairs, maintenance and other controllable in store expenses. The company’s mission is t offer time-conscious customers a full range of products and services that meet their ever-changing daily needs through quality, speed, selection and value in a safe, friendly and pleasant environment. And their vision is to â€Å"become a recognized leader in providing time-conscious consumers with a full-range of products and services that meet their ever-changing daily needs. We will be the customer-preffered convenience store by exceeding customer expectations through quality, speed, selection, and value in a safe and pleasant environment, treating our employees with dignity and respect, recognizing our franchisees and suppliers as business partners, being a good corporate citizen. Achieving our vision and continued growth will provide our shareholders with a beter than competitive return on their investments†. Inventories are ordered on a daily basis and delivered through central distribution located in Pasig City. Inventories are individually monitored thorugh monitoring sheet report, sales and ordering are incorporated at SAS System that link to POS (Point of Sales). Although Mr. Teopaco had special training in managing the said business, still sometimes he experienced and encountered different problems related to operation such as inventory losses. Such problem is caused by different factors. This problem arises when the management encounters discrepancy in the delivery of the products. However, there are products, which the store provides but not salable. Such products sty longer in the store and become spoiled. Which are referred to as bad merchandise or BM. In effect, the company experience losses on inventories because such scenario usually happens in the store. Since the store is open 24 hours a day and the security system of the store is not that fully implemented, there are customers who shop lift from the store especially â€Å"out-of-sight† and small products. Sometimes the management could not trace those products until they make an inventory count. Another thing is that some employees do unnecessary things in the store like eating some of the products or keeping them. In such case, inventory losses happen. The occurrence of these different factors led to the existence of a current  problem, which need to be monitored and evaluated by the management in order to achieve the desired objectives of the said company. The Current Situation on the Inventory Management of 7Eleven The main problem 7Eleven is currently facing is the inventory losses as shown on Figure 1. This problem exists because of different factors that the management should eliminate or if not, at least minimize. Such factors are the theft and shoplifiting that result to lesser sales or profit, and obsolescence of the products that result to high inventory sales. Unavailability of the prodcuts results to stock-outs and lower sales because customers tend to patronize competitor’s products. The second factor that led to the afordeimentioned problem is inefficient employees. Inefficient employees can occur just like not performing their duties well and sometimes by concealing merchandise in a purse, pocket, or bag and removing it from the store. It can also occur by stealing cash, allowing others to steal merchandise, eating the goods and sometimes some employees do not punch other products sold. Employee theft can sometimes be charges as embezzlement due to be trusted fiduciary status of the employee. Being inefficient employee can also result dissatisfied customer. All of these methods lead to loss of inventory(shrinkage) and/or profit for the merchant. Preventing employee theft and being irresponsible is a constant challenge for the store. The store knows that it must put systems in place to prevent or deter internal theft. To be effective, loss prevention systems must be designed to reduce the opportunity,desire, and motivation for employee theft. Basic loss prevention steps involve good procedures for hiring, training and supervision of employees and managers. Procedures that are clearly defined, articulated, and fully implemented will reduce opportunity, desire, and motivation for employees to steal. For others, the only barrier to dishonesty is the fear of being caught. The employee thief risks being fired, arrested, jailed, and paying restitution. The other cause of the said problem is the inefficient inventory control system.With this, inventories are not properly controlled which results to a high percentage of spoilage or expiration of some products. When an inefficient valuation is assigned to the inventory, it may end up having higher inventory expense. Moreover, it will be costly on the part of the store. To determine the cost to be associated with the inventory, a physical inventory must be taken in order to determing the number of units present. Then, the costs are attached to each item in the inventory. When dealing with the inventories, cost should be interpreted to mean the sum of all direct or indirect charges incurred in bringing an item of inventory to its existing condition and/or location. The store have a price tag or a universal product code, it is acommon practice to take the physical inventory at the store from these price tags and codes it can determine their inventory. Maintenance of inventory losses may result in lost sales and disgruntled customers. The last factor is the lack of security control system because of limited employees that wil oversee the inventories specially those that are not visible. In effect, shoplifting and theft arises. Technology alone will not eliminate retail theft. Store who wants to reduce losses should also Strive to provide good customer service and promote high job satisfactions levels among its retail sales associates. Stores that utilize security technologies generally have lower overall inventory shrinkage than those retailers who do not. Technology also allows employees to focus more time on assisting customers and less on patrolling the aisles. Inventory is considered the current asset to the store because it will normally be sold within the store’s operating cycle.   All of the said causes result in inventory losses and lead to different effects, such as, lesser profits/sales, dissatisfied customers, and stock-outs. These are not beneficial to the company so the management need to find ways on how to overcome the causes that lead to the above effects.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

About Computerised Accounting Essay

Abstract: In the economic globalization today, instead of computerized accounting manual accounting, accounts, reimbursement and other accounting activities as the main computing model accounting profession, is the modernization of management and accounting reform and development needs of its own, is a modern social mass production and the inevitable product of the new technological revolution. Accounting Computerization to the present, is not simply a simple combination of accounting and computer, and has developed into more than one kind of complex subjects. In this paper, in computerized accounting industry in the implementation of the traditional accounting functions of the impact were analyzed. First, computerized accounting information processing in the industry, the basic characteristics of Computerized Accounting information Processing mainly refers to the application of electronic technology on accounting data input, processing, output of the process. At this stage mainly for the use of computers instead of manual bookkeeping, reckoning and accounting, and replacement parts in the human brain under the manual accounting completed the analysis of accounting information to determine. Computerized Accounting information Processing process has the following characteristics: 1, first of all, is the computer as the main computational tools, data processing code of the speed and accuracy. Computerized accounting is based on computer as a manual accounting records and process the data to artificial substitutes. It uses the original system data coding method to shorten the length of data items, reducing data storage space, thus improving the accounting data processing speed and accuracy. See more: Distinguish between problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping Essay 2 Second, the data processing is a man-machine combination, the system of internal control procedures, and complex. Computerized accounting Although computer calculation tool, but still the performance of the entire information processing and artificial combination of the computer. Computer data (information) processing is carried out through the program, the system internal control procedures are required. For example, the general restrictions on the operating authority with the password procedures to verify whether the balance of a loan amount of verification procedures. Meanwhile, data processing man-machine combination and system of internal control procedures, making system control complex. its control point from manual accounting to the person’s control to both human and machine control, the control concerns the personnel division of functional separation, and computer hardware and software maintenance, and accounting information and accounting records storage and securi ty. 3, once again, computerized accounting and manual accounting rules changed, the provisions of manual bookkeeping journal, general ledger, the books have to use set, and a breakdown to use loose-leaf books, through the ten sets of accounts to achieve if the mutual restraint, cross-checking. vouchers, account books record is wrong with the law and use the crossed red Corrections correction. computerized accounting through the formation of the account page printout, and can be loose-leaf binding, print output is the journal of general , general ledger and reporting, involving the breakdown of a large number of secondary subjects, three subjects mouth, large number of prints, therefore, are generally used disks, CDs and other forms of output, reconciliation of work done is generally rely on accounting software, as long as the output person’s original certificate is correct, the computer can be accomplished quickly by hand the various accounts under the conditions of processing. ma nual accounting books check function under the conditions of computerized accounting computer has been replaced by a breakdown of the various accounting information recorded computer search function can be completed only display or print out when needed. people are more dependent on the establishment of various auxiliary computerized system account, more a reflection of and control over economic activity. Error handling for the books and records are no longer using the error correction method manual mode, but to ensure supervisory review. A general rule, those who have reviewed the data can not be changed. If an error occurs, it must be a reasonable question, the use of transmission people â€Å"corrected certificate† approach to corrections, similar to the Scarlet Letter Corrections, so that corrections can be retained traces. Second, the financial accounting impact of computerized accounting work for the basic characteristics of Accounting is not only greatly reduce the labor intensity of the financial staff and greatly improved corporate accounting information processing and transmission speed is more important is the work of corporate accounting has undergone a qualitative change, mainly in: 1, so that truly standardized corporate finance. Realizing computerized accounting, companies can easily achieve the financial data processing and business process specifications, to avoid the traditional accounting period due to human factors in data processing is not uniform and do not correspond to the actual work to reduce the standard artificial fuzzy and subjective uncertainty, and enhance the objectivity of the accounting work and comparability of accounting information to facilitate the business processes of financial and business control. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http : / / eng.hi1 38.com 2, is conducive to sharing of information resources. As Web-based treatment, not only can be done in the financial sharing of resources between the various positions to ensure the integration of financial data; but also to generate financial information set privileges may be any query at the same time. In traditional accounting period, because the division of transmission and manual, not only can not obtain the necessary financial information other than that even among the various financial positions can not be the sharing of resources. 3, to facilitate the strengthening of financial internal controls. Realized computerized accounting, the one most likely to be refined and clarified the whole process of accounting for each link in the frame of reference and assessment standards, accounting personnel and the work can be strictly controlled. On the other hand to achieve an effective real-time monitoring of all data and operating conditions are recorded in the system log, all the branches to reduce the possibility of fraud. 4, strengthening financial management. In the implementation of computerized accounting, the accounting information processing capabilities continue to improve, so that the accounting reflect the ability of economic activities more timely and accurate information reflecting the more detailed, comprehensive and in-depth, information inquiry leading provides a convenient control financial operations to ensure that the financial position in the management of the core. Third, computerized accounting for the impact on the performance of financial audit The implementation of computerized accounting, accounting information has greatly enhanced processing speed and accuracy of accounting information users to provide timely and accurate accounting information, is a leap forward in the development of accounting. Auditing and accounting environment faced by the consistency of changes , in particular the links between the two, so that every major change in the accounting, are a direct result of major changes in the audit. Accounting is a catalyst for change auditing, it will greatly speed up the use of modern information technology, environmental requirements in accordance with auditing changes the audit process. Accounting popularity of the traditional accounting theory and practice have raised new problems and requirements of the accounting basis is bound to have a significant impact on the audit, so need to study these effects and take appropriate countermeasures to As to the audit objective, and can effectively prevent the audit risk. When a system has been completed and put into use, and then improve it, than in the system design and development stage is much more difficult, the costs are relatively expensive. Therefore, in addition to after use of computerized input post audit of accounting information systems, but also should be in the system design and development stage, a special audit staff involved in advance and do the audit. Thus, the current auditors not only to have the accounting and auditing theory and practical knowledge at the same time, but also master the knowledge and skills in computers. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://eng.hi138.com Most companies use manual or computerized accounting to track expenditures and income. Assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and equity must be documented and transferred to a general ledger containing the company’s financial details. Such information may be analyzed to help business owners make future financial decisions, using the advantages of either manual or computerized accounting. Time Computerized accounting has the advantage of increased efficiency and time management when compared with manual accounting. Computers may more rapidly perform accounting functions or assessments than manual accounting systems, once data has been entered into the system. Accuracy Computerized accounting has the advantage of higher accuracy when compared with manual accounting, according to the College Accounting Coach. The potential for human error is greater when employees are manually completing accounting procedures. This may be particularly true when dealing with multiple currencies, since computerized programs can instantly convert exchange rates, according to â€Å"Guide to Computerizing Your Accounting System† from The Manager’s Electronic Resource Center. Reliability The advantages of manual or computerized accounting systems may be equal when it comes to reliability. Manual accounting can function independently of machines so that work continues when â€Å"the system† isn’t working. But with modern backup systems and increased functionality, the disadvantage of reliability in computerized accounting may be lessened. Creativity in Analysis Although computerized accounting systems are adept at rapidly computing complex analyses of accounting transactions and reports, the subtlety and focus of an analysis’ conjecture or hypothesis depends on the person operating the system. In this view, manual accounting may have an advantage over computerized accounting systems. Without the nuance and experience of an actual person, computerized accounting systems lose their potential for sophisticated analysis. Additionally, analysis may be hampered or obstructed by software design. Reporting The advantages of computerized accounting include fast, complex reporting. Computerized systems can produce invoices, purchase orders and other documents more quickly. Many reports are automatically updated and instantly available. Staffing Neither manual nor computerized accounting systems take the advantage when it comes to staffing. It can be costly to staff qualified accountants to complete manual accounting processes, but it can also be costly to staff accountants familiar with specific computerized accounting software and programming. Cost When it comes to cost comparison, the advantages of manual accounting systems are clear. Computerized systems can cost millions of dollars to purchase, implement and maintain. It may be necessary to purchase updated software with some regularity.

Monday, July 29, 2019

China in Its Role as a Donor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

China in Its Role as a Donor - Essay Example However, in the recent two-three years, emerging economies like China, India, Brazil, Kuwait, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia and Korea have started paying significant roles as international donors. These emerging countries have started changing the scenario of world development assistance by encouraging a shift in the sources of global aid and donations from the DAC countries to the non DAC countries. In the last decade, the roe of China as a global donor has been highly visible, especially because of the increasing magnitude of its contributions and the differentiated manner in which the country donates for the foreign aid purposes. This report is prepared with the aim of discussing the role of China as a donor in the global development assistance domain and also to appraise the ways in which China has brought in new dimensions in the global aid and development programs in this century. In the present era, the donations for global development governance are characterized by equal impacts and contributions from both the DAC and non DAC donors (Zimmermann and Smith, 2011). The new geographical areas like Middle East and Asia pacific have started developing as significant donors in this domain. The donors operating for the development of the global governance can be categorized in two main sections. The first section is the traditional section of donors which include the members of the OECD countries which are commonly called the DAC countries and operate under the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) which has been established within the OEC exclusively for the purpose of assistance. The other section of donors encompasses the emerging donor economies in the Asia Pacific and Middle Eastern regions of the world (Woods, 2008).

Sunday, July 28, 2019

NGO's Gender Empowerment in Africa the case of women in Democratic Essay

NGO's Gender Empowerment in Africa the case of women in Democratic Republic of Congo - Essay Example To quote, the reasons are: The paper stated the facts that women play a very crucial role in the development of the country. It has specifically stated that women are taking part in the peace building and even on the country’s reconstruction initiatives. Thus, it is reinforced in the paper that having this roles, women’s involvement in the major decision making process of the country will somehow ensure the improvement of the country. The paper has provided evidence that the democratic Republic of Congo is a member of those countries which have included provisions for gender equality in the constitution. This paper focused on the fact that this constitution – the political will – should now be put into action – into reality. Equal Access of women and men to electoral mandates and electoral offices will improve governance and at the same time bring sustainable solutions to development of the country; women are not seeking to govern against men, but to govern with men to maximize development potential in the DRC. (UNDF 2005) The statement above concluded the entire paper. It is reinforcing the fact that men and women should be treated equally particularly if it concerns a major decision process that will benefit and will affect the entire nation. This paper basically talks about just one right that every women should be given – and that is the right to vote and the right to acquire a position in the government. The men are enjoying this basic human right, but the Congolese women are still fighting for it. This makes this press very important in my research. With this press release, it is now clear that there are many NGO’s who have been supporting Congolese women and their quest for equal rights. This paper also answers how most NGO’s such as the UNDF views Congolese women in particular. The very attributes of Congolese women that are included

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Venice Biennale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Venice Biennale - Essay Example   Antonio Fradeletto was selected General Secretary and grew to become probably the most persuasive people of the time period. Owing to his diplomatic talent he was associated with the choice of the performers, the set-up of the expedition, and eventually the development of the international pavilions.The Venice Architecture Biennale is the world's grandest festivity and display of the model of structures. Which, as architecture is either an art or a business, signifies it hovers between becoming an ethnic festival as well as a business fair. And also, as architects will surely have an extremely high understanding of the significance of their work, their displays can together appear like a collection of contending pitches in the exchanging of opponent varieties of genius. Consecutive admins of the biennale – another one is approved every time – are aware of this. The portion of their task is to put a style for the entire event, which is fundamentally a huge list of ex positions and debates, so they want to devise ones which emphasize that architects are not at all times egomaniacs, but they really possess an important duty to wider and flourishing culture. "Less Appearance, More Ethics" was the authorized title tag a few years back in the past. (Crow, 1996) It had been "People Meet in Architecture" in the year 2010. It really is, and constantly, huge. The part uses up the 16th-century corderie of the ammunition dump of the Venetian republic, great rope-making events hundreds of meters extended.   

Examining the controversial dilemma MNCs (multinational corporations) Thesis

Examining the controversial dilemma MNCs (multinational corporations) face in EMEs (emerging market economies) while simultaneously focusing on economic growth and social responsibility - Thesis Example If the companies and organizations only stress on generating profit, then that endeavor will not be a helpful one for them in the long run. For acquiring vigorous market goodwill and for remaining in the market (in the local as well as global market) as a dominant player they have to take in to consideration the ethical aspects of society and environment as a simultaneous mechanism with growth and development strategies of business and they have to become good corporate citizens. In this respect, the notion of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) along with its various codes of conducts carries a considerable importance. Effective functioning of CSR is aimed at the establishment of socially responsible business practices within the organizations both locally and globally. With thorough multiplication of liberalization and globalization processes across the world since the 1990s, the rise of CSR agenda can be attributed as a significant development with the domain of that multiplication. The popular business mantra, â€Å"doing well by doing good† (Ciconte & Jacob, 2011, p.196) (associated with cause related marketing) became a common manifestation of CSR in the beginning of the 1990s. The underlying meaning of this mantra states that organizations can be successful by serving the broader societal interests at the same time satisfying the narrow interest of their stakeholders. Yes, it can be stated that the realization of implementing CSR is almost omnipotent among all the big companies in the world today but its very concept still attaches robust elements of confusion with itself. There have been stringent efforts by the firms in keeping the CSR policies at the apex of their business strategies but one of the major constraints is that only a h andful of them have been able to realize the way in which an integrated business strategy incorporating the agenda of society may be configured. It can be inferred that there still exists a

Friday, July 26, 2019

Memoir Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Memoir Assignment - Essay Example It was around 10 o’clock in the morning when the accident occurred. While traversing one of the many narrow mountain bends, our bus skidded off the road and plunged down a ravine. I remember screaming in horror before fainting. When I opened my eyes, the first person I saw was my grandmother. She was tying her scarf around my slightly bruised forehead. The badly dented bus was precariously perched against a small boulder on the edge of a thin ledge. I was relieved to find that my grandmother was not injured. She told me how the narrow ledge saved us (there were around 30 people in the bus), breaking the fall of the plummeting bus. There were many injuries but luckily none fatal. Some passengers tried to use their mobile phones, but encountered range problems. My grandmother was magnificent, going around bandaging wounds,comforting people, assuring them that help would come. Some passengers tried to use their mobile phones, but failed due to range problems. Help did come, and sooner that we expected. We later learnt that the driver of a car traveling some distance behind our bus witnessed the accident, and reported it at the nearest police station. A rescue team rushed out to our aid. Fortunately, the ledge on which we huddled was quite near the top (about 150 feet), and we soon heard sounds of cranes and winches being mobilized. Relief and excitement was very much evident among us as everyone started talking or laughing with some even crying. Our joyful celebrations were interrupted by a shrill scream. One of the passengers was an American tourist (we later learned her name was Linda) who was knocked unconscious during the accident. She had returned to consciousness, looked around searchingly, and started screaming that her little daughter Wilma was still trapped in the bus. We tried to tell her that help was on the way and specialized rescue workers would secure the bus soon, but she screamed that it may be too late.

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Women and leadership Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women and leadership - Literature review Example 5). The entrance of the female is almost constant though there has been the instance where female have been crossing over to the courses that were regarded as masculine. It was also noted that men entry and advancement into the nursing profession is being hampered by discrimination in the specific specialties such as obstetrics and gynecology where females have been given preference over men. Consequently, there is an increased influx of men in other specialties of nursing. The leadership style between women and men has a clear distinction. According to Solbraekke & Heggen (2013) women in the leadership is associated with certain aspects of which they emphasize. Such aspects include nurturing tendencies and communication. On others side the men in leadership are not associated with the communication but responsibility and being accountable for every task given to the employees. Furthermore, women in leadership has been observed by Solbraekke & Heggen (2013) as being communal in their leadership in that they make it inclusive in participation than men in leadership who tend to be isolative and so directive to the employees (647). This makes the leadership of women to be perceived as being educative and upbringing more leaders in being than men. Other differences shown by Erel & Reynold (2014) is indicative that has been brought to the fore is that women have feminine advantage in the leadership (108). The advantage according to Collins & Meyer (2014) is as result of their better intrapersonal relationship with the staff unlike their male counterparts who the research conducted by Collins & Meyer (2014) describe that most of them have despotic tendencies (667). The other aspect that derail the leadership of women according to Solbraekke & Heggen (2013) is that it they lack the commanding power, hence in times of need of command, and the situation may end bei ng dire (650-653). The

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Miisconceptions about Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Miisconceptions about Evolution - Essay Example One of the misconceptions that have been greatly discussed in the past and current generation is ascribed to the theory of evolution of life. The misconception in this sense is that evolution is basically a hypothesis concerning the manner by, which life developed. To some extent, this misconception is true; to begin with, evolution theory has not provided many with any form of evidence regarding the process of evolution of life i.e. what was the initial chemical process that facilitated the beginning of life. However, this theory has only focused on the manner by, which one form of life changed from different times and periods. On the other hand, there has also been a misconception the evolution theory asserts that life has been changing from time to time and that there is a probability that life will continue changing over time. An analysis of various issues may lead to the conclusion that this misconception is correct. Scientific evidence has proved that life may change in differe nt ways. The first manner through, which life can change is by adaptation. Usually living things adapt to various conditions of life i.e. one person may move from a desert region characterized by hot weather conditions to an extremely cold place characterized by ice and snow and adapt to the new environment. Additionally, evolution may also occur through the process of natural selection, which is also facilitated by adaptation. In many cases, when an organism fails to adapt to its new environment, it dies and those that can survive adapts and continue living. However, science has not provided any substantial argument whether or not such form of evolution is usually random or occurs in a specified manner. There is also another misconception that evolution only occurs in a slow and gradual manner (evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/misconceptions_teacherfaq.php). This is not correct. To begin with, there is not proof that has shown that evolution only occurs gradually and in a slow man ner. The misconception is usually based on the fact that evolution processes i.e. adaptation may not be physically perceived. Most scientists who have made efforts to provide proof that evolution has been occurring, base their argument on comparing two forms of life i.e. one that is expected to have occurred in the ancient times and the others that currently exist. These comparison are usually undertaken through analyzing various physical features of the animal and the ways by, which they have changes. It is crucial to point out that evolution may occur slowly and randomly at times and it may also occur faster and gradually at some point. The process of evolution may be facilitated by certain physical conditions such as temperature, wind et cetera. On the other hand, anthropogenic activities that basically involve a direct interaction with the environment may also influence at which certain forms of evolution occurs, for instance: When a forest is cleared, certain inhabitants i.e. b irds may be forced to relocate to new habitats that have different environmental conditions, hence compelling the birds to undergo adaptation. Consequently, there is also a misconception that human-beings are currently not evolving (evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/misconceptions_teacherfaq.php). The basis of this argument is that many people do not see any physical change or biological changes that have occurred on human-beings. What the supporters of this misconception have failed

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Chemistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chemistry - Essay Example Some toxins, such as mercury, persist in the environment and accumulate. Humans or animals often absorb them when they eat fish. Handling toxic waste carefully can prevent health dangers. Toxic waste incinerators, for example, often burn waste for energy, but this potentially releases toxic chemicals into the air. Household hazardous waste (HHW) is more than you think it is. What's been hiding in your garage or basement or under your kitchen sink can do serious damage to the environment. It can get into the water system. It can hurt plants, animals - and you. Recycling offers the next best solution to eliminating the use of toxic materials. Not only does recycling save companies money and time spent acquiring new materials, it also diverts waste away from disposal methods, such as burning, that could potentially leak toxins into the ground and air. Toxic waste, like used motor oil for example, often contains metallic debris that you can easily reclaim through filtration. Ultimately, humanity needs to curb its use of products with toxic chemicals to minimize their potential hazards. Go green... Save the Earth... Recycle waste; these kind of environmental slogans have been used for decades but one only pays heed to it when he/she comes to terms with or can relate to it. Earth is our home, our playground, our future.

Monday, July 22, 2019

Sociological Analysis of the Crucible Essay Example for Free

Sociological Analysis of the Crucible Essay Sometimes, the person who should be the one wielding the power has none at all. In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, he recounts the events of the Salem Witch Trials. As he tells the events that occurred, he clearly paints out who held the power and who should have been in power during the trials. In Miller’s play, the person who holds the most power in Salem during the Witch Trials is Abigail Williams. Despite being a child and an orphan, for her parents had died and she was sent to live her uncle Mr. Parris, she was able to gain unlimited power during this short span of time. When Mr. Parris caught her and other local girls out dancing at night, she threatened the others, â€Å"Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, or I will come to you in the black of some terrible night†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (20), and they listened to her. None of the girls would speak against Abigail, and when Mary Warren did, the other girls did not join Mary; they protected Abigail and listened to her every word. As the play goes on, Abigail gains more and more power, accusing people in the town as witches. At the end of Act 1, Abigail cries out to Reverend Hale, â€Å"I want the light of God†¦ I saw Sarah Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil!†(48). Unfortunately for the accused, they were arrested and were tried by Judge Danforth, and were found to be guilty of witchcraft. Abigail becomes a saint in Salem, saving the villagers from the witches; however, little do they know, Abigail is using her newfound power for her own good. When she accuses Goody Proctor of being a witch, no one questions her; Abigail is helping the town out. But, the reason she accuses Goody Proctor is because Abigail secretly wants to be with John Proctor, Goody Proctor’s husband. When John Proctor defends his wife in court, he confesses to adultery with Abigail, and tells them that is why Abigail accused Goody Proctor in the first place. John Proctor tells Judge Danforth, â€Å"But it is a whore’s vengeance†¦ she thinks to dance with me on my wife’s grave!à ¢â‚¬ (110). Nether less, Abigail has power that John Proctor does not, she can ‘see’ the Devil, and Danforth believes her. Abigail Williams has the power in Salem, though she does not deserve it. Though Abigail has authority in Salem, the one who really deserves the power is John Proctor. Throughout the whole affair, Proctor is the only one who knows what is right and what is wrong. When Mr. Cheever comes to Proctor’s house to collect his wife, Goody Proctor, Proctor tells them, â€Å"Is the accuser always holy now? We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are dangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the law!†(77). Proctor accurately sums up the situation in Salem, yet no one with any real power believes him, and they all discount him. Later on in the play, Proctor tells Judge Danforth, â€Å"I believe she means to murder,† (104). John Proctor was trying to tell the Judge that Abigail really was a bad person, not the saint she was painted out to be. But, Judge Danforth was under Abigail’s spell, and didn’t listen to John Proctor, even though he was the only person who actually was thinking clearly during this whole situation. John Proctor was the only who kept clear head during the Salem Witch Trials, and if he had held the power, not Abigail, things would have changed drastically. In The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, the events of the Salem Witch Trials are recounted. As the play continues, Miller accurately shows who has the power and who should have had the power. Abigail Williams, despite being an orphan, was hailed as a saint and everyone listened to what she said; however, she was a liar and a whore. John Proctor, who was accused of being a witch and was never listened to, had a clear head and understood what was happening unlike the other villagers. The Salem Witch Trials could have been avoided if the power had been taken out of Abigail’s hand and given to John.

Business Decision Mapping Essay Example for Free

Business Decision Mapping Essay The Shamrock Manufacturing Chicago plant manager, Sean Fitzpatrick is contemplating replacing a large piece of manufacturing equipment. Mr. Fitzpatrick is also inline for a promotion to Shamrocks larger Houston plant within the next year, and is hesitant to make any decisions that will reduce short-run operating income and his performance evaluation. While the prospective replacement equipment promises to reduce cash operating costs, it costs $90,000, as well as the loss on disposal cost of the old equipment, which has not fully depreciated. Prior to making a decision, Mr. Fitzgerald must identify all relevant costs and chose a decision for the best interest of Shamrock (Datar, Rajan, 2013). Analysis The available data to consider in this case is the old machines purchase price ($150,000); the current book value of the old machine ($60,000); the market value of the old machine ($36,000); the cost of the new equipment ($90,000); and the reduction in annual cash operating costs ($32,500). All historical costs are considered irrelevant, as they have already occurred and have no effect on future costs. The only relevant costs that should be considered for this decision are the future cash operating costs, the disposal value of the old machine, and the cost of the new machine that will be deprecated over the next two years. Based on the #1 and #2 worksheets in Appendix A of this document, year one yields an increase in expenditures of $6500, but includes the $24,000 loss of disposal of the old machine, which is irrelevant. The only relevant data is the total two-year costs shown on worksheet #2 that shows a reduction in total relevant cash flow of $11,000. The results of worksheet #1 are not beneficial for Mr. Fitzgerald, but the overall results in year two benefit Shamrock. Based on the #3 worksheet, with a lower new equipment cost ($77,000), year one breaks even, which is irrelevant, and the total two-year reductions in total relevant cash flow are $24,000. Conclusion Based solely on the worksheet information (Appendix A), the company should replace the equipment. All relevant costs located in worksheets #2, and #3 indicate that Shamrock manufacturing will benefit by replacing the machines at either equipment cost. However, worksheet #1 presents a problem for Mr. Fitzgerald as it shows a $6500 increase in the first year expenses, which are irrelevant in the long-run, but may encourage Mr. Fitzgerald not to purchase the new equipment because it may reflect badly on the short-run net operating income of his plant during the evaluation period for his promotion. Worksheet #3 offers a breakeven scenario in the first year and a $24,000 reduction in relevant cash flows in year two, which is the best option for Mr. Fitzgerald and Shamrock, if available. Reference: Datar, S., Rajan, M., (2013). Financial and Managerial accounting, custom edition, Pearson Learning Solutions, Ch. 9 Appendix A Shamrock Manufacturing relevant cash flow analysis Appendix B 5-Step Critical Thinking Decision-Making Process Matrix Step 1: Identify the problem(s) and uncertainties. What exactly is the problem†¦ Sean Fitzpatrick has an opportunity to decrease long-run cash flow by replacing a large piece of plant equipment. The problem is this †¦ Mr. Fitzpatrick is up for a promotion and is concerned that any short-run decreases in operating income will affect his performance evaluation. This is an important problem because†¦ Mr. Fitzpatrick’s decision may be good for the company, but could hurt his career aspirations. The key question(s) that needs to be answered to solve this problem is†¦ What is the best decision for shamrock in the long-run? Step 2: Obtain information. The following information is needed to answer this question†¦ What are the relevant costs that impact the decision to keep or replace the equipment? Based on the #1 and #2 worksheets, what decision would be made in years one and two? Based on the #3 worksheet, would the decision be different for years one and two compared to the initial cost of the new equipment? Some important assumptions I am using in my thinking are†¦ I believe that the best decision for Shamrock is not the best decision for Mr. Fitzpatrick, which creates an ethical dilemma. The points of view relevant to this problem belong to†¦ Sean Fitzpatrick. Note: Remember to view the information you have obtained for potential bias. This is from the perspective of your own bias to the research and the bias of the authors who compiled the data and the research you gathered. In other words, do not discount the importance of other’s data because of your own bias(is). Step 3: Make predictions about the future. If this problem gets solved, some important implications are†¦ Long-run relevant cash flows will be reduced, and operating income will increase. If this problem does not get solved, some important implications are†¦ An opportunity to decrease relevant cash flows will be missed. The potential alternative solutions to solve the problem are†¦ Keep the status quo or make a tough decision that will benefit Shamrock in the long-run. Note: if the problem is one-dimensional, there may be just one correct solution. Step 4: Make decisions by choosing among alternatives. What is the best solution and why†¦ By the new equipment, because it decreases long-run relevant cash flows. Step 5: Implement the decision, evaluate performance, and learn. In business, the fifth step in the decision making process is implementation. In the MBA program, most times you will end with Step 4 since you will not have the opportunity to implement. You may be asked to develop an implementation plan and recommend how you will evaluate performance in some assignments.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Is Quantitative Easing useful to Stimulate the UK economy

Is Quantitative Easing useful to Stimulate the UK economy Abstract After the global financial crisis took place in late 2008, quantitative easing started to be considered as a potential solution to the recession all over the world. Usually, governments used to regulate key interest rates to achieve the goal of modifying underperforming economics, but this no longer seems to be competent because interest rate cutting may not be a sufficient measure to bring the world economy back on track. Therefore, quantitative easing policy is adopted to adjust the circulation of money in the economy. The project sets out to analyze whether the quantitative easing policy is suitable for the economic situation in the UK. The conclusion drawn by this essay is that quantitative easing policy is not a proper solution to UKs economy and that more attention should be paid concerning its implementation in this systematically incomplete situation. Contents Abstract 3 Contents 4 List of Figures 5 Introduction 1 1.Quantitative Easing Policy in the U.K. 2 2.Disadvantages of Quantitative Easing 3 3.Advantages of Quantitative Easing 7 4.Argument 10 5.Evidences 12 Conclusion 16 References 17 List of Figures Figure 1: UK Money multiplier 5 Figure 2: The Trend of GBP/USD Since 2005 6 Figure 3: UK 10-year Government Bond Yield (%) 14 Figure 4: Growth rate of M4 from Bank of England 15 Introduction Quantitative easing (QE) designates an application of monetary policy used to stimulate the economy. In other words, quantitative easing can be defined as an economic policy that uses an expansion of the money supply to purchase assets (Meier 2009). Normally, the central bank of a country provides extra capital to ease pressure on banks by putting huge amount of money into markets to buy back bonds or gilts either from banks or commercial sectors. Quantitative easing offers two possible benefits. First, the volume of lending of banks will increase as banks have more cash in exchange for bonds or gilts with the government. The other benefit is that diminishing the supply of gilts will increase the price of gilts. Consequently, the gilt yields decrease, and further, long-term interest rate for overdraft and some mortgage decreases as well (Elliott 2009). In 2009 March, the UK government announced a plan that the government would implement quantitative easing and set the bank rate at 0.5% in order to meet the inflation target of 2% and would stimulate the economy by increasing spending. Mitigation of the bank rate can greatly stimulate the economy. If the rate further approaches zero reduction, it may be less effective. Besides, injecting more money directly into the market by purchasing assets can also boost the economy. Moreover, Krugman (1998) states that the money supply is not the only factor that contributes to long-term inflation. However, others argue that monetary oversupply will lead to high inflation and countries will fall into a financial trap. The aim of this essay is to demonstrate opinions based on the current literature encompassing both sides of the subject, to enrich it with its momentary effects on the British economy and then finally to give an assessment of the subject. Quantitative Easing Policy in the U.K. During the economic recession in 2008, UK interest rates were at the lowest level (0.5%) in the Bank of Englands 315-year history. The reason why the Bank conducted a series of interest rate cuts was that it aimed to encourage the commercial banks to lend again. However, the aim was not achieved. Even though the interest rate was quite low, the economy remained stagnant and the consumer spending remained flat. The British government decided to apply the same policy to drag them out of the recession. The first plan was announced in March 2009, stating that  £75bn would be made available to purchase government bonds and corporate debt during the following three months in order to provide liquidity in the economy. This raised the concern about the consequence of quantitative easing in the U.K. The argument can be generally divided into two divisions. One division believes that printing money will lead to high inflation in years to come, while the other argues that the economic situation is more likely to follow the example of Japan in the 1990s. It is evident that both arguments have reasonable points. Nevertheless, according to the data obtained, UK will probably suffer from inflation in years to come. Firstly, in theory, quantitative easing itself is an aggressive policy due to the fact that it increases the size of the money base in the economy and a large money base is usually regarded as the cause of inflation. However, some economists argue that the policy is not simply printing money. Germany and Zimbabwe did in the 1920s (BBC), it still considerably increases the central banks balance sheet and the monetary base. In addition, there is not a standard to assess the accurate and appropriate amount of money to be injected into the market and hence it is highly difficult to decide the amount of quantitative easing, and if the amount decided is larger than the market actually needs, high inflation may inevitably occur. As is indicated by Jason Simpson from the Royal Bank of Scotland (BBC), inflation is considerably stronger than the bank had expected and there are concerns that it wont get back within target if QE continued. Secondly, in reality, as is measured by the Office of National Statistics, there is currently an upward pressure on CPI (Consumer Price Index) (an index of the cost of all goods and services to a typical consumer) annual inflation. The CPI annual inflation was 3.4 percent in March 2010, which is far beyond the initial aim of quantitative easing policy-to increase the inflation rate to 2 percent. In February, the rate was 3 percent, while Europes inflation rate as a whole was only 1.4 percent (Office of National Statistics 2010). Considering these issues, there is no evidence to demonstrate that the rapid increase in the CPI annual inflation rate is not a consequence of quantitative easing policy. Disadvantages of Quantitative Easing It seems that conducting Quantitative Easing policy by raising the monetary base in the United Kingdom can effectively stimulate the investment market and help recover the economy. Generally, one of the basic formulas of monetary policy is MV=PQ (M is the stock of broad money, V is the velocity of circulation, P is the aggregate price level of commodities, and Q is the economic quantity) and we usually assume M as a multiple of the monetary base as well (Ellis 2009 and Haung 2009). On the base of QE, policy-makers expect to enlarge the nominal spending (PQ) in UK economy. However, several potential problems still exist and there are uncertainties behind this policy. First of all, there is a distinct possibility of exam deflation becoming a consequence (Haung 2008). Adopting quantitative easing during recent financial crisis should cause a significant rise in P; in other words, the increase of M and decrease in Q will lead to a climbing in P theoretically. At the same time, nonetheless, V plunges because of the credit risk which indicates that banks have no money for lending or that they are reluctant to lend money to borrowers; therefore, it leads to a drop of P as well (Haung 2008). As a whole, the future price is decided by the rate of money which depends on peoples confidence. If people have strong tendency toward saving or banks are still afraid of lending money to investors, the monetary velocity will not improve after recession. And this may cause deflation. For example, the Japanese government carried on a quantitative easing program after the recession in 90s, while their perspective on saving let people become more risk-averse and unwil ling to invest. Hence, Japan faced with a serious deflation and lower exchange rate which did not promote the general social situation. Furthermore, Ellis (2009) put forward the idea that a high unemployment rate and the chance of deflation forces people to shift their demand from increasing expense and investment to saving. On the other hand, it may lead to severe inflation (Bullard 2010). Bullard, the president and the CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, argued that if government does not control the monetary velocity well after the implement of the quantitative easing policy, the increase in money supply will result in an undesirably large acceleration of credit and then an undesirably large increase in inflation. Consequently, it is difficult to deliberate and predict the extent of quantitative easing which may incur deflation or inflation easily (Bullard 2010). Second, it is unsure that this extra money will be used by businesses and households (Ellis 2009). In figure 1, Ellis (2009) illustrated that the money multiplier (Money multiplier is the relationship between broad money as well as money base) reduced considerably during last few years which may not reach the fixed goal of quantitative easing, although the Bank of England believed that a large increase in demand will come along through only a small rise in the supply of money (Ellis 2009). Source from: Bank of England and Elliss calculations Figure 1: UK Money multiplier He also claimed that banks using new money to purchase new financial assets may have less influence on increasing broad money; in contrast, those banks tended to restructure their financial foundation and then they were reluctant to lend money after boosting their investment activity. As a result, quantitative easing policy may not indeed generate predicted commercial and domestic spending. Finally, the increase of money supply may result from foreign investors because of the weaker sterling and the arbitrage on financial assets (Ellis 2009). Figure 2 shows the variation of the exchange rate (The vertical illustrates the value of the British Pound against the US dollar). Source from: Reuters UK, April, 2010. Figure 2: The Trend of GBP/USD Since 2005 Sterling has become weaker since the sub-prime crisis in 2008. In other words, investors may be more willing to hold cash by selling their new financial assets. It is because that when banks invest more financial securities with new money, those stock prices will go up slightly and offer an opportunity for earning a short term advantage (Ellis 2009). Moreover, Ellis (2009) demonstrated that foreign investors will have the tendency to sell the securities in order to transfer to the alternative currencies if sterling is still relative weak. Thus, a great money supply indeed boosts the UK economy; nevertheless, it is not mainly from the higher households and business activities spending. Instead, it may come from the spending by foreigners who earn new cash from securities as well as from the weaker sterling. Advantages of Quantitative Easing According to Orphanides and Wieland (2000), central banks normally prefer to use an interest rate rather than a monetary quantity as operating target. Interest rates are considered much easier to observe and to control on a continuous basis than monetary policy. However, when the interest rate is in a near-zero level, the quantity of base money remains available as a tool for gauging the extent of monetary easing. The way to do this is for the central bank to buy assets in exchange for money. In theory, any assets can be bought from anybody. In practice, the focus of quantitative easing is on buying securities, such as government debt, mortgage-backed securities or even equities from banks. Firstly, the bank creates new money electronically in its accounts. Then the bank buys bonds (companies IOUs) and gilts (Government IOUs) from commercial banks. The value of the bonds and gilts bought is now credited to banks that sold them. The commercial banks can make new loans against the increased funding. Extra lending boosts cash and credit flowing in the economy. Extra demand for bonds and gilts from the bank drives down interest rates for business and consumer borrowers. As a result, flows of extra and cheaper money stimulate growth. There are some possible effects of quantitative easing according to the macroeconomic theory. Firstly, in theory, it could reduce cost of capital of the whole economy by bringing down the interest rate (Pankiw 2009). As through QE, the Bank of England (BoE) will lower the government yield as buying government bond from non-bank sector. Thus investors could prefer riskier investment elsewhere in order to get higher return, such as corporate bonds, loans, commercial paper and equities. As a result, the yields on these assets would also be expected to fall. Secondly, QE is able to improve the capital positions of banks (Pankiw 2009). Whatever money does not go into either financial or real economic investment will find its way into deposits at commercial banks. This should help improve banks funding positions and, in theory, make them more comfortable with devoting capital to lending. Furthermore, it is evidenced that QE can stimulate growth in the money supply to the real economy (Pankiw 2009). As Treasuries start lending to the non-financial corporate sector, confidence becomes stable. By pumping into the real economy, the money created through QE is considered to be able to drive the economic recovery forward. In addition, it is argued that monetary policies could have additional effects on the economy, via so-called credit channel, because interest-rate decisions affect the cost and availability of credit (Iordache 2009). The credit channel contains the balance-sheet channel and the bank-lending channel (Bernanke and Gertler 1995). According to the Pure Expectations Theory, it asserts that the forward rates exclusively represent the expected future rates which mean that the entire term structure reflects the markets expectations of future short-term rates. As it experiences an upward slope of yield curve currently, investors are pricing an increasing level of inflation and subsequently a change in Feds monetary policy (Iordache 2009). As known in theory, the central bank should continue expanding its balance sheet to eventually reduce the yield. Therefore the low level of the interest rates at the moment and the QE program will pick up the economy by strengthening the consumer spending. A s the expectation improved, it will increase the aggregate demand and then reduce the unemployment rate. Finally, the increase in asset price boosts the wealth and improves the balance sheet. It is reported that Quantitative Easing helps to work around the blockage created by a banking system that is still undergoing a process of balance sheet repair (Bean 2009). Argument Even though implementing quantitative easing provides numerous advantages to the economy, its safety is far from certain. Despite providing benefits, this monetary policy can sometimes have side-effects, such as high inflation or deflation as mentioned above. Quantitative easing is not always coming alone with advantages. For instance, some people assert that cost of capital can be decreased through low long-term interest rate. Yet, it is also argued that the attempt of reduction of long-term interest rate will only be effective under certain circumstances (Bernanke and Reinhart 2004). In U.S experience, it is unlikely to have significant impact on risk premiums if it only alters relative assets, because assets are close substitutes (Reinhart and Sack 2000). Therefore, the cost of capital will be lower only if investors expectation of future values of the policy rate is consistent with the target prices of assets (Bernanke and Reinhart 2004). Furthermore, Eggertston and Woodfords (2003) model demonstrates that long-term interest rate will not be affected by the purchase of long-term securities if investors do not change anticipation about future interest rate levels. Furthermore, the Guardian (2009) also points out that one of possible scenarios is that investors dump gilts, which increases long-term interest rate and gives burdens to fixed-interest mortgage and company loan. Consequently, it is reasonable to refer that quantitative easing is not always effective on giving low cost of capital. In addition, it is pointed out that the utility of central banks monetary policy will maximise if the policies are coordinated with central governments financial department. This is due to the fact that it has to be ensured that changes in debt-management policy will not contradict to the attempts of central banks to affect the relative supplies of securities (Bernanke and Reinhart 2004). Besides, it is also believed that quantitative easing enables bank to lend more. However, according to an empirical research of Kobayashi et al. (2006), the overall bank lending was decreasing during the period of quantitative easing in Japan. Thus, the accuracy of the statement is uncertain. Evidences Usually, central banks tend to cut down interest rates in order to encourage households to spend more money. However, once interest rates levels cannot go lower, the injection of money directly in the economy is the only remaining alternative. The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) had to decide a monetary policy in accordance with the government inflation target which has been fixed at 2% in Great Britain. The supply of money has been then considered as a necessity to sustain the general economic growth while, however, avoiding an excess of it to avoid hyperinflation. After lowering again the interest rate to 0.5%, its lowest level since the creation of the Central Bank, the Bank of England started the quantitative easing program. This procedure, which was launched in March 2009, has been extended to reach in February 2010 an amount  £200 billion, to pull the UK out of the recession. With the permission of the Treasury, the Bank of England purchased  £200 billion of assets from which  £197.275 million was spent on UK bonds and the rest on corporate papers. Some on the MPC including the banks chief economist, Spencer Dale, and one of the external members, Andrew Sentance have signalled their belief that it is now time for the bank to adopt a wait-and-see approach to QE (Oxlade, 2010). The Bank of Englands efforts have worked in as much as they have very probably pushed down yields on gilts below where they would otherwise be. That has helped reduce the broad cost of borrowing. Yields on ten-year gilts dropped to 3% earlier in the year but have more recently climbed close to 4% and stabilised around this level (Figure 3 on page 14). The increase of the price of bonds reduces their yield, and in effect the interest rate. As interest rates across the economy are set in relation to gilt yields, quantitative easing can act as an extra lever pushing down borrowing costs. But there is a longer term danger by speculating about the debt markets. The government risks creating a bubble in bonds, which will break in a few years time once the economy will recover, building up interest rates and making the governments massive debt concern extremely costly to service (Oxlade, 2010). Source from Bank of England Figure 3: UK 10-year Government Bond Yield (%) However, the aim was also to get credit flowing again in the broad economy and then to launch spending in the British economy. From this point of view, the success of this policy tends to be limited. The money supply in the UK economy is considered as being the best measure of success. The Bank of England measures this as M4 (Figure 4 on page 15). This figure shows some improvements but only marginal and only in the last few months, concerning the 3 months annualised growth rate. However, the general trend of the M4 aggregate reminds downward trend. Source from Bank of England Figure 4: Growth rate of M4 from Bank of England The huge concern is that banks and insurers, rather than letting the conceeded money flow into the economy, prefer to credit it away to help improve their balance sheets and then financial solvency, particularly given that a second economic crash is still possible in this difficult context depicted by weak levels of the global economy financial aggregates. The largest danger is the creation of inflation. One of the QE program aims is to stop the UK falling into a deflationary trend. The injection of money in the economy creates inflation. To increase inflation to a certain level would be a good thing, a lot would be very dangerous, especially if the economy fails to recover and then fall in a stagflation period which could destroy a part of the countrys wealth. A bit of inflation would be helpful in reducing the cost of debts, particularly because Britain faces a record consumer debt of more than  £1.4 trillion and a national debt of officially  £825 billion (more than  £2.2 trillion once all liabilities are taken into account) (Seager, 2010 and Bank of England, 2010). Indeed, rising prices will make debts smaller. Legendary Warren Buffett has raised concerns that policy-makers may become addicted to creating inflation as a way of combating their debt problems (Lowery, 2010). Members of the MPC have signalled the halt of the quantitative easing program but could -and we consider have great chances- resume it when they consider that it is necessary. In this case, it still unclear whether the Bank will continue buying gilts or shift to buy corporate bonds, which may have a more immediate effect. However, such a decision could increase tensions between the bank and the treasury buying gilts makes it cheaper for the government to borrow money, which is crucial at a time when the volume of public debt is extremly high. If the economy continues to struggle to reach a confortable level of recovery, more QE could be expected and even become a permanent component in the U.K. It is important to consider that since QE effects are pretty much untested it is unclear what other side-effects may be caused. Conclusion By making comparison between the advantages and the disadvantages of QE, it can be concluded that QE is not suited to the situation in the UK at present. Although the economic situation after undertaking quantitative easing policy in the U.K. has been stabilised temporarily at least, as discussed earlier, the appropriate time length and money injection volume are uncertain. Moreover, according to the new statements issued in Britain, the bank is phasing out the policy. Hence, it is clear that it has been realized the quantitative easing, as an aggressive policy, can cause a high risk of inflation years to come. In conclusion, the negative impacts of conducting quantitative easing in the U.K. far outweigh its economic benefits. Although quantitative easing boosts the economy by reducing capital cost and improving monetary currency, it still needs deliberate control by relative departments such as the Central Bank and The Treasury. Otherwise, it may result in high inflation or deflation, even cause asset bubbles and depreciation of sterling. Quantitative easing has been considered as being the last resort solution to stimulate the economy and to kick-start growth after the systemic failure endured by the global economy. In the short term this measure certainly increases investors confidence but in the long term structural deficiencies of Britain, especially on the domestic credit market, it will fail to promote real financial stability. As a whole, quantitative easing policy is not proper to the U.K. and more attention should be paid concerning its implementation in this systematically defici ent context.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

The True Dangers of the H5N1 Virus :: Bird Flu Avian Influenza Pandemic

The True Dangers of the Feared Pandemic Abstract The H5N1 strain of the avian flu is a virus. It has the potential to be very dangerous especially through its ways of transmission. The statistics of the current deaths and possible deaths also show the possible pandemic arising in the near future. However, this topic must be put into perspective and the common belief that it will eradicate our world is rather exaggerated. There is actually a higher chance that the avian flu will not become a deadly killer. Still, there are many possibilities and no one can be completely sure of the outcome. The H5N1 Virus Avian flu is probably one of the most feared possible outbreaks. The H5N1 strain is the particular strain in question. If this strain mutates, allowing for easy human to human transmission, there is an immense chance for a worldwide pandemic. This pandemic could leave the Earth barren with the possible eradication of humans unless there is a gene that allows a small percent of humans to be resistant (Siegel 33). The H5N1 virus has been the most feared virus because of its likelihood to mutate. The structure of the H5N1 virus is the main reason of its possible mutation. The envelope of the H5N1 virus is comprised of three proteins. Two of them are the hemagglutinin (H) and the neuraminidase (N). The hemagglutinin is the layer used to penetrate the host cell. It has receptors that bind to cells, allowing it to open and infiltrate the host cells. The receptors are very specific to the receptors on the cells to which it binds. This is the reason that viruses with H5N1 Dangers 2 the H5 subtype have not been able to transmit from human to human very easily. Birds have been its main target and up to this point, have been affected to most. The neuraminidase serves as a mechanism used to cut the virus free from the mucus and other inhibiting factors of the immune system, allowing the virus to move about freely in the body (Tambyah, Leung 16). Because this virus very rarely infects humans, the resistance it will face in the human immune system is predicted to be minimal. The virulence of H5N1 in its ability to multiply rapidly, making it more likely for the virus to mutate by chance. The greatest fear is that the virus will mutate in a way that permits it to gain airborne transmission, allowing it to spread rapidly from human to human.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Essay on Characterization in Rappaccini’s Daughter -- Rappaccinis Dau

Characterization in â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   The dialogue, action and motivation revolve about the characters in the story (Abrams 32-33). It is the purpose of this essay to demonstrate the types of characters present in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter,† whether static or dynamic, whether flat or round, and whether portrayed through showing or telling.    The tale takes place in Padua, Italy, where a Naples student named Giovanni Guascanti has relocated in order to attend the medical school there. His modest room is in an old mansion watched over by the landlady, Dame Lisabetta, a two-dimensional character given to religious expletives like, ``Holy Virgin, signor!'' She seeks to make the customer content with his lodging; she answers Giovanni’s curiosity about a garden next-door: ``No; that garden is cultivated by the own hands of Signor Giacomo Rappaccini, the famous doctor. . . .† As a character, old Lisabetta never develops beyond this single aspect of her personality of trying to make the customer happy. Later she sells information to Giovanni so that he can enter the garden by a secret entrance.    Giovanni in his room can hear the water gurgling in Dr. Rappaccini’s garden, from an ancient marble fountain located in the center of the plants and bushes; this sound â€Å"made him feel as if the fountain were an immortal spirit that sung its song unceasingly and without heeding the vicissitudes around it. . . .† Of particular interest to Giovanni is â€Å"one shrub in particular, set in a marble vase in the midst of the pool, that bore a profusion of purple blossoms, each of which had the lustre and richness of a gem.† As striking as the plant of the purple gems is â€Å"a tall, emaciated, sall... ...ed nature,† at the feet of her father and Giovanni. Beatrice, in the course of the story, passes from isolation to love and to a full realization of the truth, thus she is very dynamic; not static like her father. Giovanni is equally dynamic in developing into a loving person, and then reverting into an almost hating person because of the acquired malady.    WORKS CITED    Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms, 7th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999.    Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter.† ElectronicText Center. University of Virginia Library. http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed-new?id="HawRapp"&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public    Kazin, Alfred. Introduction. Selected Short Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Fawcett Premier, 1966.            

Dont Hate Me because Im a Muslim :: Personal Narrative Writing, religion

September 11th was the worst day ever for the United States. I am a Muslim and I am an Arab-American. I was born in the U.S. Virgin Islands and have lived here all my life. The first time I ever heard of Osama bin Laden was when the terrorist attacks happened. The attacks not only affected Americans, it affected everyone, including Arabs. Just because a group of Arabs planned the attacks doesn't mean all Arabs are the same. It isn't fair how people blame all Arabs, or all Muslims. That Tuesday morning, I found out what happened when I got to my third period class, American History. We were getting ready for a test but went to the library to watch the news. At first I thought it was nothing, but then I realized it was extremely serious. Everyone immediately blamed the Arabs. The news said there was a car bomb and everyone said it was Palestinians, my people. That really upset me. At the end of October the supermarkets my family owns, my house and the houses of some of my aunts and uncles were raided by the CIA and FBI because some lady said our supermarkets supported terrorists and that one was working there. I found out after school when my aunt picked up me up and explained what had happened. I was really upset. They took all our computers from the house and stores except for two, which they made copies of. My parents came here to get away from the war in the Middle East and struggled to make sure nothing affects us. We have a successful life, but now people want to stop us from having a good life. I feel hurt. I am an American, too. I am also proud to be an Arab! I felt hurt when the terrorists attacked. So

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Alternative Breaks Essay

Alternative Breaks Essay 1. 2. I have always wanted to be able to give back to my community and my country. Getting an opportunity to be a part of Alternative Breaks will hopefully help me be a more active citizen. In addition, I want to be able to see another part of the world and broaden my experience by giving a helping hand. Staying in a different place and helping others will help me see the world from a whole different angle and will broaden my perspective about our world today and changes that are important to be implemented. I also hope to gain new insights and outlooks through new relationships that I will form.I want to be exposed to countless different experiences that may influence the rest of my life, and may influence me to make a positive change outside of just my community. 3. I have volunteered at a local hospital since my sophomore year of high school. I received a wide range of opportunities, from meeting family members at different areas of the hospital, to volunt eering in the emergency room, to also giving comfort to families in the hospice. In addition, I am very culturally oriented and try to be active in the Indian community.Every summer, I volunteer at an Indian Saturday school which I have attended since kindergarten. I teach students the Indian customs and Hindu religion, as well as how to further their reading and writing skills in Sanskrit. I was responsible for these children for a whole week, and took care of them as if they were my siblings. I spend my free time teaching kids how to do Indian classical dance. I love being active and able to give back to my community as much as I can, and I would love to broaden my experience throughout the country. . I am a very approachable and dedicated. I am a person that can be easily talked to in any situation. I love being able to give help to a person when needed, and I constantly stay on task. In addition, I try my best to put all of my effort into what I have to do, and strive to underst and other’s emotions. My volunteering experience has truly helped me cope with others and understand their feelings. I am sure that my stableness, perseverance, and commitment will guide me through overcoming any obstacle that I may encounter. 5.My biggest fear about going on an Alternative Breaks trip is that I will not be able to fully aid a person or a community as much as I want to. I love helping people, but it does make me sad when people are still not completely benefited with the service that I offer. I try my best to please others, however when I do not live up to my full potential, I begin to feel disheartened. I am prepared to be strong and do the best that I can for whom ever needs my help and guidance. I will hopefully take this weakness as a learning experience to becoming a better person, and hopefully continuing to provide aid to those in need.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Good Command for English

Now, the world is becoming smaller than onwards just because of advancement of technology and knowledge. both person has divers(prenominal) ideas, knowledge and military force and wants to share them with other person. There is no accepted and established common verbiage for all other than face. This is medium style between to speech communications and cultures. In the course of our product line or work, any where in the world, in that location is always possibility to come crossways with the people of different languages and cultures and we can change this situation with the help of side of meat.We can do nothing, with out having a well-behaved command of English, if we reckon to do something good we like, coming out from our home. A good command of English is very necessary for the progression of my carrier in that by and large it is the closely spoken language in the globe. I puddle a vision to yoke to as many people as possible and to share issues with people o f different levels and capacities. Should i use Kiswahilli or my Ateso language that some people may have not even hard of?I know quite good English but still admire those take up English communicators. Friends i tell you what, i have already registered for the Advanced business organization English Diploma and will in brief be getting my desire fulfilled. It is super important to have a good command of English in near all spheres of ones working life and otherwise but in your career it gives you more(prenominal) confident in delivering both communicative and written correspondence.