Background Information On Drinking Water Treatment

Background Information Microbiological parameters in drinking water treatment include enteric protozoa, bacteria, virus, etc. Cryptosporidium, being a type of enteric protozoa, has caused several outbreaks in the last century. Cryptosporidiosis is the human disease caused by cryptosporidium infection, of which major symptoms are watery diarrhea, stomach pains or cramps and low fever. Between 1974 and 2001, there have been 12 outbreaks that are attributable to cryptosporidium in Canada.4 Between 1984 and 2000, 10 outbreaks were reported to be associated with cryptosporidium in drinking water in the United States.4 The most severe outbreak took place in Milwaukee in 1993 that was associated with 419,000 (estimated) cases of illnesses including watery diarrhea.3 Such high frequency of outbreaks is partly due to the common presence of cryptosporidium oocysts in the environment. Oocyst is the most important stage of cryptosporidium life cycle, which has thick cell walls that allow it to survive in the environment for long enough to find its host. Reproduction takes place inside the host and newly reproduced cryptosporidium will exit the host into the environment in feces, in the form of oocyst. It is an everlasting cycle where cryptosporidium goes back and forth between water and hosts, and its presence persists. Studies show that cryptosporidium is present across Canada in many major water bodies. In 2000, there are on average 14 oocysts per 100 litre of water in Saint LawrenceShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Drinking Water On Human Health1527 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance of good quality drinking water to human health cannot be overemphasized. 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